Title Ex- 3 Biological Classification (Q-Sol-Ans).pdf ✅

BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION 28 EXERCISE – 3: Achiever’s Section Kingdoms of Classification 1. Which of the following are valid pointers for the demerits of two kingdom system of classification? I Euglena has features of both plants and animals II Chlamydomonas is autotrophic but has flagella. III Slime moulds resemble animals in one phase of life cycle while plants in another phase. (a) I and II only (b) I and III only (c) II and III only (d) I, II and III Ans. (d) Sol. The two-kingdom system of classification grouped organisms based on broad criteria such as autotrophic or heterotrophic, motile or nonmotile, etc. The organisms which show some characters of Plantae and some of Animalia cannot be correctly classified by this system e.g., Euglena, Chlamydomonas, slime moulds. Kingdom Monera 2. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination can occur during (a) Transduction (b) Transformation (c) Conjugation (d) All of these Ans. (d) Sol. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination can occur during transduction, transformation or conjugation. In all these methods of reproduction, a part of DNA or complete DNA of one cell is transferred and become incorporated in the other competent cell. 3. In the five-kingdom system of classification, which single kingdom out of the following can include blue- green algae, nitrogen fixing bacteria and methanogenic archaebacteria? (a) Monera (b) Protista (c) Plantae (d) Fungi Ans. (a) Sol. The Kingdom Monera consists of unicellular, prokaryotic organisms. This kingdom includes archaebacteria, blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), nitrogen fixing bacteria and methanogenic archaebacteria. This kingdom also includes smallest living cells that lack cell wall known as Mycoplasma. 4. Identify the character that is not unique to archaebacteria (a) Structure of cell wall (b) Structure of cell membrane (c) Flagellin protein structure (d) Fatty acid synthetase is present Ans. (d) Sol. The unique structural features of cell wall, cell membrane and flagellin protein enable archaebacteria to survive in extreme conditions where other organisms cannot. Presence of fatty acid synthetase is not unique to archaebacteria, as similar structures are present in Eukarya and eubacteria as well. 5. Match column 1 with column 2 and choose your answer from the codes given Column 1 (bacterium) Column 2 (shape) I Escherichia coli 1 spherical II Streptococcus pyogens 2 helically coiled III Treponema pallidum 3 rod-shaped (a) I-1, II-2, III-3 (b) I-3, II-1, III-2, (c) I-3, II-2, III-1 (d) I-1, II-3, III-2 Ans. (b) Sol. Escherichia coli is rod shaped bacteria. Streptococcus pyogens is spherical-shaped. Treponema pallidum is helically coiled (spirochete) bacteria. 6. The domain Archaea is not characterized by: (a) Pseudo peptidoglycan in cell wall (b) Linear chromosomes (c) Introns present in some genes (d) Methanogenesis as unique metabolism Ans. (b) Sol. Archaea domain consists of all archaebacteria or extremophiles. These are prokaryotic and unicellular
29 BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION organisms having a double-stranded circular and coiled DNA as genetic material. 7. Consider the following regarding the fact that cyanobacteria are now kept in Monera and not in Plantae. I. They are prokaryotes. II. The cell wall of cyanobacteria has peptidoglycan. III.They can fix atmospheric nitrogen. The correct explanation would be (a) I and II only (b) I and III only (c) II and III only (d) I, II and III Ans. (d) Sol. Cyanobacteria show following properties. I. They are prokaryotes. II. The cell wall of cyanobacteria has peptidoglycan. III. They can fix atmospheric nitrogen. -These properties are more closely related to unicellular, prokaryotic photosynthetic organisms rather than to multicellular eukaryotic organisms such as plants. 8. Consider the following statements regarding mycoplasma: I. They are the genus of bacteria that have a unique cell wall of their own. II. In their genetic code, UGA codes for tryptophan. III.None of them is pathogenic to humans. IV.They have a large genome. V. They can be cured by penicillin. VI.They can survive without oxygen. The number of correct statements is (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 Ans. (b) Sol. Statements I, III, IV and V of the above statements are incorrect. Statements II and VI are correct. -Mycoplasma are the organisms which lack cell wall. -Unlike eukaryotes, in mycoplasma UGA codes for tryptophan. -They can be pathogenic to humans. -They have a small genome. -They cannot be killed by cell wall affecting antibiotics like penicillin. -They can survive without oxygen. 9. Consider the following statements regarding characters of archaebacteria that they share with eukaryotes: I. The cell wall does not contain peptidoglycan. II. DNA associated with histones. III.Translation initiated with formylated methionine. IV. RNA polymerase similar to eukaryotic RNA polymerase II V. ATPase similarity VI.Similar DNA replication and repair How many of the above characters archaebacteria share with eukaryotes? (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6 Ans. (c) Sol. Unlike bacteria, translation initiation is associated with methionine in both eukaryotes and archaea. Following are the similar features of archaea and eukaryotes. -The cell wall does not contain peptidoglycan. -DNA is associated with histones. -RNA polymerase of archaea is similar to eukaryotic RNA polymerase II -ATPase similarity. -Similar DNA replication and repair. Kingdom Protista 10. Parasitic amoeboid protozoan is (a) Amoeba (b) Trypanosoma (c) Entamoeba (d) Paramecium Ans. (c) Sol. Protozoans are the members of the kingdom Protista. Entamoeba is a parasitic amoeboid protozoan. Amoebic dysentery is caused by Entamoeba histolytica. It is transmitted through contaminated food and water. 11. The given statements describe a group of organisms. I. Instead of a cell wall, they have a protein-rich pellicle making their body flexible. II. They have two flagella, a short and a long one. III. They show mixotrophic nutrition.
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION 30 IV. They are the connecting link between plants and animals. Which of the following group is referred here? (a) Dinoflagellates (b) Slime moulds (c) Desmids and Diatoms (d) Euglenoids Ans. (d) Sol. -Euglenoids are multicellular flagellate protists. They lack a cellulosic cell wall, instead, they are covered by a thin and flexible layer called pellicle. -They have two flagella, a short and a long one. -They show mixotrophic nutrition. They are photosynthetic in the presence of sunlight. In the absence of sunlight, they behave like heterotrophs by predating on other smaller organisms. -The pigments of euglenoids are identical to those present in higher plants (Chlorophyll a and b). 12. A slide under a microscope shows following features: i. Unicellularity ii. Well defined nucleus iii. Biflagellate-one flagellum lying longitudinally and the other transversely. What would you identify it as? (a) Protozoan (b) Bacterium (c) Euglenoid (d) Dinoflagellates Ans. (d) Sol. Dinoflagellates are unicellular, motile and biflagellate, golden brown, photosynthetic protists. The two flagella are different (heterokont), one lies longitudinally and other transversely in a furrow between the wall plates. The two types of flagella beat in different directions. A well-defined nucleus is present. 13. Assertion: The protoplasm of plasmodial slime mould is considered the purest in the world. Reason: Protoplasm of plasmodium is differentiated into outer enucleated and central nucleated portions. Mark the correct option: (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. (c) Assertion is true but reason is false. (d) Both assertion and reason are false. Ans. (a) Sol. The vegetative part of slime moulds does not possess cell walls; they either occur as free-living amoeboid masses of protoplasm (plasmodium) or aggregation of amoebae (pseudoplasmodium). The protoplasm of plasmodial slime mould is considered the purest in the living world. It is differentiated into outer enucleated (hyaloplasm) and central nucleated portions. At maturity, it may contain several hundred to many thousand nuclei. The protoplasm is vacuolated. Kingdom Fungi 14. Consider the following characters I. nuclear envelope II. Membranes with ergosterols III.80s ribosomes IV.Split genes The character/s not shared by fungi with other eukaryotes is/are (a) II alone (b) IV alone (c) II and IV only (d) III and IV only Ans. (a) Sol. Fungi have ergosterols in their membrane. Other eukaryotes like plants have phytosterols and animals have zoosterol. 15. Which of the following statements is incorrect about the class deuteromycetes? (a) They reproduce only by asexual spores (conidia) (b) Mycelium in these fungi is branched and septate (c) They have only parasitic forms (d) Examples of these fungi are Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Trichoderma. Ans. (c) Sol. Not all deuteromycetes are parasites. Some are saprophytes or opportunistic avirulent symbionts e.g., Trichoderma. 16. Match Column-I with Column-II and select the correct option from the codes given below. Column-I Column-I A. Edible delicacies (i) Penicillium, Streptomyces B. Experimental (ii) Neurospora
31 BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION genetics crassa C. Source of antibiotics (iii) Puccinia, Ustilago D. Rust and smut diseases (iv) Morels and truffles (a) A - (iv), B - (ii), C - (iii), D - (i) (b) A - (iii), B - (i), C - (ii), D - (iv) (c) A - (iv), B - (ii), C - (i), D - (iii) (d) A - (iv), B - (iii), C - (ii), D - (i) Ans. (c) Sol. A. Edible delicacies are morel and truffles. They are considered delicacies. B. Experimental genetics uses Neurospora crassa because it is easy to grow and have a haploid life cycle. C. The first antibiotic as extracted from Penicillium. Streptomyces are the bacteria that produce antibiotics like neomycin, streptomycin, etc. D. The wheat rust life cycle involves infections of Puccinia and the corn smut life cycle involves the infection of Ustilago. 17. Which of the following is not an edible mushroom? (a) Agaricus bispora (b) Pleurotus ostreatus (c) Lentinula edodes (d) Amanita phalloides Ans. (d) Sol. Amanita phalloides is a toxic mushroom. It resembles the edible mushrooms in morphology. 18. The autoecious (life cycle completed in a single host) organism with teleutospores and basidiospores is (a) Ustilago (b) Trichoderma (c) Neurospora (d) Yeast Ans. (a) Sol. Ustilago is an autoecious organism. It is known as smut fungi which infect diverse crop plants. It produces two kinds of spores during its life cycle: teleutospores and basidiospores. 19. What is not true for mycorrhizae? I. Nearly 30% of vascular plants have this symbiotic relationship with fungi. II. The fungus primarily makes nitrogen available to plants. III. Fungi get organic carbon from plants. (a) I alone (b) I and II only (c) II and III only (d) I, II and III Ans. (b) Sol. Mycorrhizae is a symbiotic association between plant roots and fungi. It is found in about 80% of vascular plants. The primary source of nitrogen for most of the plants is soil and nitrogen fixing bacteria. Introduction to Kingdom Plantae and Animalia 20. Identify the group that is not matched correctly to all the characters shown: Group cell type cell wall nuclear membra ne body organisat ion (I) Monera prokaryotic absent absent Cellular (II) Protista Eukaryotic present in some present Cellular (III) Fungi Eukaryotic present present cellular / loose tissue (IV) Plantae Eukaryotic present present tissue/ organ (a) I (b) II (c) III (d) IV Ans. (a) Sol. Monera includes all unicellular prokaryotic organisms. Cell wall is present in most of the Monera members except mycoplasma. 21. Match Column-I with Column-II and select the correct option from the codes given below. Column-I Column-II A. Monera (i) Chlamydomonas, Solanum B. Protista (ii) Bacillus, Oscillatoria C. Fungi (iii) Euglena, Trypanosoma D. Plantae (iv) Mucor, Penicillium E. Animalia (v) Felis, Panthera (a) A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(i), E-(v) (b) A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(iv), D-(i), E-(v)